James Bjorken Born ( 1934-06-22) June 22, 1934 (age 83), Nationality American Alma mater (B.S., 1956) (Ph.D., 1959) Known for, Co-predicting the Awards (1954) (1972) (1977) (2000) (2004) (2015) High Energy and Particle Physics Prize (2015) Scientific career Fields Institutions, Doctoral students James Daniel ' BJ' Bjorken (born 1934) is an American. He was a in 1954, received a BS in physics from in 1956, and obtained his PhD from in 1959. He was a visiting scholar at the in the fall of 1962. Bjorken is Emeritus Professor at the, and was a member of the Theory Department of the (1979–1989).

Relativistic Quantum Information

He was awarded the in 2004; and, in 2015, the and the EPS. Contents.

Work Bjorken discovered in 1968 what is known as scaling, (or Bjorken scaling) a phenomenon in the of light on particles, known as (such as and ): Experimentally observed hadrons behave as collections of virtually independent point-like constituents, when probed at high energies. Properties of these hadrons scale, that is, they are determined not by the absolute energy of an experiment, but, instead, by dimensionless kinematic quantities, such as a scattering angle or the ratio of the energy to a momentum transfer. Because increasing energy implies potentially improved spatial resolution, scaling implies independence of the absolute resolution scale, and hence effectively point-like substructure.

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This observation was critical to the recognition of as actual (rather than just convenient theoretical constructs), and led to the theory of known as, where it was understood in terms of the property. In Bjorken's picture, the quarks become point-like, observable objects at very short distances (high energies), shorter than the size of the hadrons. Bjorken was also among the first to point out to the phenomena of jet quenching in heavy ion collisions in 1982.

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Subsequently reformulated this concept into the, used to understand the quark composition of hadrons at high energies. The predictions of Bjorken scaling were confirmed in the early late 1960s electroproduction experiments at, in which quarks were seen for the first time. The general idea, with small logarithmic modifications, is explained in quantum chromodynamics by '. Bjorken co-authored, with, a classic companion volume textbook on and. Publications Books. J.D.

Drell (1964). Relativistic Quantum Mechanics. Drell (1965). Relativistic Quantum Fields. Selected papers.

J. Bjorken (1968). 'Current Algebra at Small Distances', in Proceedings of the International School of Physics Enrico Fermi Course XLI, J. Steinberger, ed., Academic Press, New York, pp. 55–81. Bjorken (1969). 'Asymptotic Sum Rules at Infinite Momentum'. 179 (5): 1547–1553.

Bjorken (1982). 'Energy Loss of Energetic Partons in Quark-Gluon Plasma: Possible Excitation of High pT Jets in Hadron-Hadron Collisions'. Full list of papers Notes.